Thursday 26 April 2018

Classification of Pteridophytes

CLASSIFICATION OF PTERIDOPHYTES

According to the older taxonomists, vascular cryptogams in to two divisions: Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta.
With the discovery of some fern like, seed bearing fossil plants the distinction between the two divisions Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta has been eliminated.
All the vascular plants are placed in a single division, Tracheophyta. Now the plant kingdom includes, only three divisions – Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Tracheophyta.
Eams divided the vascular plants or tracheophyta in to four main groups. Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida.
a. Psilopsida includes Psilophytales and Psilotales.
b. Lycopsida  includes Lycopodiales, Selaginellales, Lepidodendrales, Isoetales.
c. Sphenopsida  includes Hyeniales, Sphenophyllales and Equisetales.
d. Pteropsida  includes Filicineae, Gymnosperamae, Angiospermae.
Tippo in his classification of Vascular plants gives “Tracheophyta”, the rank of phylum, which is subdivided into four subphyla: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida.
In accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature Wardlaw suggested the rank of subdivisions for the four groups. According to the recommendations of ICBN, the name of the division should end in the suffix-Phyta, of a sub division in Phytina and of a class in opsida. On this basis, Smith divided the vascular cryptogams into four divisions – Psilophyta, Lepidophyta, Calamophyta and Pterophyta.
According to Bierhorst, taxon subdivision has been deleted and redivided the division Tracheophyta into 14 classes.
Sporne proposed the following classificatio for the vascular cryptogams. He recognised six classes in pteridophytes.
Class A: Psilopsida
Orders: Rhyniales
  Trimerophytales
  Zosterophyllales
Class B: Psilotopsida
Order: Psilotales
Class C: Lycopsida
Orders: Protolepidodendrales
                Lycopodiales
    Lepidodendrales
    Isoetales
    Selaginellales
Class D: Sphenopsida
Orders: Hyeniales
 Sphenophyllales
 Calamitales
  Equisetales
Class E: Pteropsida:
Sub-class: Primofilices
      Orders: Cladoxylales
        Coenopteridales
Sub-class: Eusporangiate
      Orders: Marattiales
                   Ophioglossales
Sub-class: Osmundidae
      Order: Osmundales
Sub-class: Leptosporangiatae
      Order: Filicales
      Marseliales
      Salviniales
          (f) Class F: Progymnospermopsida
       Orders: Aneurophytales
        Protopityales
        Archaeopteridales

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