1. CLASSIFICATION OF GYMNOSPERMS
It was Robert brown who first recognized Gymnosperms directly into 7 orders.
• Bentham and Hooker while classification Angiosperms placed them in between Dicots and Monocots.
• Van Teigham divided Spermatophyte into 2 divisions: The Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
• Coulter and Chamberlain divided Gymnosperms in to Seven orders
Bennettitales, Cycadales, Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales(1917).
• Chamberlain(1934) classification.
GYMNOSPERMS
Cycadophyta Coniferophyta
Cycadifilicales Cycadeoidales Cycadales Cordaitales Ginkgoales Coniferales Gnetales
• Classification of Prof. Birbalsahani
GYMNOSPERMS
STACHYSPERM PHYLLOSPERMAE
CORDAITALES GINKGOALES CONIFERALES TAXALES PTERIDOSPERM CYCADALES
• Engler and Gilg divided Gymnosperms directly in to Seven orders
Cycadofilicales , Cordaitales , Bennettitales , Ginkgooales , Coniferales and Gnetales .
• Arnold divided gymnosperms in to 3 – phyla
Cycadophyta :- Pteridospermales , Cycadeoidales , Cycadales .
Coniferophyta :- Cordaitales , Ginkgoales ,Taxales and Coniferales
• Raizada and Sahni divided Gymnosperms into Three divisions
i. Cycadophytes : Pteridospermales , Cycadeoidales , Cycadales
ii. Pentoxylales : Pentoxylales
iii. Coniferophytes : Cordaitales , Ginkgoales , Coniferales , Gnetales
• Sporne also recognised in to three classes among the gymnosperms (1966).
Gymnosperms
Cycodopsida Coniferopsida Gnetopsida
Pteridospermales Cordaitales
Bennettitales Coniferales Gnetales
Pentoxylales Taxales
Cycadales Ginkgoales
• David birhorst (1971)
Gymnosperms
Cycadopsida Coniferopsida Gnetopsida
Pteridospermales Cordaitales Ephedrales
Caytoniales Protopityales Gnetales
Cycadeoidales Ginkgoales Welwistchiales
Pentoxylales Pentoxylales
Glossopteridales Taxales
It was Robert brown who first recognized Gymnosperms directly into 7 orders.
• Bentham and Hooker while classification Angiosperms placed them in between Dicots and Monocots.
• Van Teigham divided Spermatophyte into 2 divisions: The Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
• Coulter and Chamberlain divided Gymnosperms in to Seven orders
Bennettitales, Cycadales, Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales(1917).
• Chamberlain(1934) classification.
GYMNOSPERMS
Cycadophyta Coniferophyta
Cycadifilicales Cycadeoidales Cycadales Cordaitales Ginkgoales Coniferales Gnetales
• Classification of Prof. Birbalsahani
GYMNOSPERMS
STACHYSPERM PHYLLOSPERMAE
CORDAITALES GINKGOALES CONIFERALES TAXALES PTERIDOSPERM CYCADALES
• Engler and Gilg divided Gymnosperms directly in to Seven orders
Cycadofilicales , Cordaitales , Bennettitales , Ginkgooales , Coniferales and Gnetales .
• Arnold divided gymnosperms in to 3 – phyla
Cycadophyta :- Pteridospermales , Cycadeoidales , Cycadales .
Coniferophyta :- Cordaitales , Ginkgoales ,Taxales and Coniferales
• Raizada and Sahni divided Gymnosperms into Three divisions
i. Cycadophytes : Pteridospermales , Cycadeoidales , Cycadales
ii. Pentoxylales : Pentoxylales
iii. Coniferophytes : Cordaitales , Ginkgoales , Coniferales , Gnetales
• Sporne also recognised in to three classes among the gymnosperms (1966).
Gymnosperms
Cycodopsida Coniferopsida Gnetopsida
Pteridospermales Cordaitales
Bennettitales Coniferales Gnetales
Pentoxylales Taxales
Cycadales Ginkgoales
• David birhorst (1971)
Gymnosperms
Cycadopsida Coniferopsida Gnetopsida
Pteridospermales Cordaitales Ephedrales
Caytoniales Protopityales Gnetales
Cycadeoidales Ginkgoales Welwistchiales
Pentoxylales Pentoxylales
Glossopteridales Taxales
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